Día de los Muertos, commonly referred to as Day of the Dead in English, is a deeply rooted Mexican tradition that traces its origins back thousands of years.
In the United States, you’ve likely encountered the distinctive symbols associated with this holiday, including papel picado (colorful paper with intricate cutouts), calaveras (skulls), and marigold flowers. This cultural celebration has also gained recognition through its prominent portrayal in the movie “Coco” and the opening scene of “Spectre.”
Día de los Muertos stands as a poignant homage to the afterlife, a day dedicated to honoring the memories of those who have departed. In contrast to Halloween, which historically served as a means to ward off malevolent spirits, Day of the Dead is primarily focused on paying heartfelt respects to beloved individuals who are no longer with us.
Here’s a deeper insight into the significance of this special day.
When is the Day of the Dead?
Day of the Dead consistently commences on November 1 and concludes on November 2. During this period, it is a widely held belief that the spirits of the deceased come back to their homes to reunite with their families.
Who celebrates the Day of the Dead?
While Day of the Dead is primarily linked to Mexico, various other countries, including those beyond Latin America, have their own versions of this observance. In the Philippines, the holiday is known as Undas and is also observed on the initial two days of November. Similar to the Mexican tradition, Filipinos visit the graves of their dear ones and construct altars in honor of those who have departed.
In Haiti, the occasion is known as Fèt Gede, which translates to the Festival of the Dead. During this celebration, people attire themselves in white, black, and purple, and spirited parades traverse the nation.
What is the historical background of the Day of the Dead?
The Day of the Dead (Día de los Muertos) is a Mexican holiday that originated from rituals practiced by Indigenous peoples in the Americas, most notably the Aztecs. The Aztecs had a ritual called Miccaihuitl, which was a time to honor the dead.
When the Spanish arrived in the Americas, they brought Catholicism, which had its own celebrations for the dead: All Saints’ Day and All Souls’ Day. Over time, these Catholic holidays merged with Indigenous traditions to create the Día de los Muertos that we know today.
What are Day of the Dead traditions?
- On Day of the Dead, many people honor their deceased relatives and loved ones by visiting their graves. However, they do not go to mourn. Instead, they clean the graves and headstones, or decorate them with flowers. Some may pray, while others play music.
- The atmosphere is almost festive, with music, food, and drinks. People come together to share stories of their loved ones, helping to keep their memory alive.
- Some cities in Mexico also celebrate the day with parades and festivals. Many people paint their faces to resemble bare skulls and wear costumes. Women in particular may dress up as La Catrina, a tall female skeleton commonly depicted wearing a fancy gown and a lavish hat.
- While characters like La Catrina have become a symbol of Día de los Muertos, the imagery actually originated with Mexican artist José Guadalupe Posada, who sketched it in 1910 as a mockery of Mexico’s upper classes.
What are Ofrendas?
- A central and sacred aspect of the Day of the Dead is the creation of altars known as “ofrendas.” These altars are set up in homes, schools, or public spaces with the intention of paying homage to the departed.
- On top of the ofrenda, family members typically place a prominent photograph of their loved one. Colorful papel picado, which translates to “perforated paper,” is used to adorn the altar. These vibrant tissue papers symbolize the element of air, as the four elemental components are intended to be represented in the ofrendas. Throughout the altars, marigold petals are scattered, serving as a guide for the spirits with their vivid color and fragrant scent. Candles, both to illuminate the path and symbolize the presence of the deceased, are a common feature on ofrendas. Pan de muerto, a traditional Mexican sweet bread rooted in Aztec traditions, is also placed on the altar. Sugar skulls, frequently included, symbolize the perpetual nature of death.
- Salt, often arranged in the form of a cross, is positioned on or near the ofrenda to purify the visiting souls. Families also provide a container of water, and sometimes tequila, on the altars, allowing the spirits to quench their thirst after their journey.
- Furthermore, these altars can be deeply personal. Some families incorporate the deceased’s favorite food or personal mementos from their lives, such as a beloved book or a cherished shirt. All these elements collectively serve as a means of both remembering the departed and paying tribute to their return.